Infinitives

Infinitives

·        Verb এর Present form এর পূর্বে to বসিয়ে Infinitive গঠিত হয়। Infinitive কোন Subject এর সাথে সম্পৃক্ত নয়। অর্থাৎ  Verb এর Present form এর পূর্বে "to`" বসলে তখন  to সহ Verb টিকে Infinitive বলে। যেমন-

To err is human

We eat to live

·        Infinitive প্রধানত দুই প্রকার:

·        Simple or Noun Infinitive.

·        Gerundial or Qualifying Infinitive.

·        Simple or Noun Infinitive:- Infinitive যখন Noun এর কাজ করে তখন তাকে Simple Infinitive বলে।

To tell a lie is a great sin

·        Simple Infinitive এর ব্যবহার

·        Verb এর Subject হিসেবে:

To err is human.  To forgive is divine.

·        Verb এর Object হিসেবে:

He likes to swim. I taught him to read.

·        Preposition এর Object হিসেবে:

He is about to die. He is about to go.

·        Verb এর Complement হিসেবে:

He seems to be an honest man. He appears to be a richman

·        Objective Complement হিসেবে:

We take him to be a fool

·        Gerundial or Qualifying Infinitive:- Infinitive যখন Adjective বা Adverb রূপে কাজ করে বা Parenthetically ব্যবহৃত হয়, তখন তাকে Gerundial or Qualifying Infinitive বলে। এ ধরনের Infinitive উদ্দেশ্য, কারন, শর্ত, ফলাফল ইত্যাদি প্রকাশ করে যেমন:- She came to see me.

·        Gerundial Infinitive এর ব্যবহার:

·        Modify an adjective:

The old man is too weak to walk.

I am glad to receive your letter.

He is ready to go.

·        Modify a verb:

The children went to play.

We eat to live.

·        Modify a noun:-

It is a chair to sit on. This is a house to let.

·        Modify an adverb:

We went to the field to see the game

I walked fast to avail the bus.
# কোন  Sentence কে Qualify করতে কিছু কিছু Infinitive Sentence এর শুরুতে ব্যবহৃত হয়-

To speak the truth, he is an honest man

To be brief, I am ruined

More Infinitives:

1. Perfect Infinitive: To+have+verb এর past participle form কে perfect Infinitive বলে।

যেমন:  I wished to have gone there.
He seems to have seen better days.
They are reported to have done this

2. Split Infinitive:-  যে Infinitive এ to থেকে  Verb  বিচ্ছন্ন হয়ে যায় তাকে Split Infinitive বলে।

I request you to help me kindly

I request to quickly do this

# কিছু ক্রিয়ার পর Infinitive to  বসে না। যেমনঃ-  (Let, Make, need, hear, watch, see. dare)

       I saw him go home. Let him come.

                He need not go there. 

                He made me do it.

I heard him say this. We watch himgo.

# কিছু Passive voice of these verbs infinitive `to` is used. 
          He was seen to go. 
          He was made to do it.

He was heard to say this. 
Rahim was not let go

# কিছু bare Infinitive  আছে এদের পর to বসে না। (Had rather, had better, would rather, cannot but  ইত্যাদি)

Farid had better go home

Exercises

·        The headmaster advised me to study regularly.

·        This is an easy chair to sit on.

·        Lokman is eagar to study engineering.

·        He need not do whatever he likes.

·        This is a house to sell.

·        You had better go home.

·        He seems to be better to day.

·        To err is human.

·        We eat to live.

·         To walk is a good exercise.

·         To swim is a good exercise.

·         He likes to play football.

·         Della wanted to sing a song.

·         It is easy to find fault to others.

·         To rise early in the morning is good for health.

·         She does not know how to swim.

·         I want to the market to buy a shirt.

·         I am glad to see you.

·         It is important to read the newspaper.

·         I would like to see you.

·         There are six letters to be posted.

·         Faiyaz desired to go home early

·         I forced him to open the gate.

·         We watched him go there.

·         He ran fast enough to catch the bus.

·         The baby was heard to cry.

·         Let him go.

·         To tell a lie is a great sin.

·         I told him to go there.

·         To serve man is to pray Allah.

·         He came here to see me.

·         He is interested to travel with us.

·         We want to Rajshashi to buy fresh mango.

·         They are going to start a bank.

·         Sadek appears to be guilty.

·         He went to America to learn English Literature

·         India always want’s to help Bangladesh.

·         They went to field to play cricket.

·         It is not wise to disturb others.

·         She is ready to dance on the stage.

Md. Lokman Hossain

B.A (Hon’s) M.A in English (Ju)

      Board Examiner & Scrutinizer