Gerund and Participles

Gerund

•        Verb এর ing form যখন Noun ও  Verb এর কাজ সম্পন্ন করে তখন তাকে Gerund বলে।

•        Gerund এর ব্যববহারঃ-

                               I.    Verb এর Subject হিসেবে ­– Walking is a good exercise.

                            II.    Transitive Verb এর Object হিসেবে – He enjoys playing Cricket.

                         III.   Preposition এর  Object হিসেবে – She is bent on doing this.

                         IV.   Incomplete Verb এর Complement হিসেবে – Her hobby is reading novels.

                            V.    Compound Noun  এর অংশ হিসেবে – That is his dining room.

Exercise

1. Walking is a good exercise.    
2. Eating vitamins is good for health.  
3. Writing makes a man perfect.

4. Children like eating bananas.  
5. My hobby is gardening.                   
6. He is fond of playing.

7.Telling a lie is a great sin.        
8. I like eating vegetables.                     
9. This is a living room.

10. His hobby is travelling .      
11. Swimming is good for health.       
12. He started learning English.

13. Stealing is a sin.                   
14. Finding fault with others is bad.    
15. Walking is a good habit.

16. Eating is good for health.    
17. Speaking English is essential to have fluency.

18. He excused my leaving early. 
19. The making of the plan is in hand. 
20. He is tired of working.

Participles

•       Verb এর যে form একসঙ্গে Verb এবং Adjective এর কাজ সম্পন্ন করে তখন তাকে Participles  বলে।

       Don’t put your hand into boiling water.
       We should not eat rotten thinks. 
       A rolling stone gathers no mass.

Participle তিন প্রকার:

                                i.            Present Participle

                              ii.            Past participle

                            iii.            Perfect Participle

     1. Present Participle: Verb - এর Present form এর সহিত “ing” যুক্ত হয়ে একই সাথে Verb ও Adjective এর কাজ করে তাকে  Present Participle বলে।  I saw a boy playing football.

    2. Past Participle: Verb - এর সঙ্গে d, ed, t, n, en বা ne যুক্ত হয়ে যদি একই সাথে Verb ও Adjective এর কাজ করে তাকে Past Participle বলে। This is a broken chair.

  3. Perfect Participle: Verb - এর Past Participle - এর পূর্বে having যুক্ত হওয়ার পর যদি একই সাথে Verb ও Adjective এর কাজ করে তাকে Perfect Participle বলে। Having forgotten him, I went outside the cabin.

Exercise

1.I saw a flying bird.         
2. I heard her singing.                
3.I saw her singing.   
4.He is a learned man.

5. He is a retired officer.  
6. The having set, we reached home.  
7. I saw the old man walking.

8.Having finished my work, I went home.               
9. I put some tea dust in the boiling water.

10.We visited the area affected by flood.            
11. His father has bought a car made in Japan.

12. Closing the door he went out for a walk.       
13. Avoiding heavy diet is good for health.

14. A barking dog seldom bites.         
15. We need safe drinking water.     
16. I saw a child weeping.

17.Sitting on a chair I was reading a book.       
18. I answered thanking her.

19. we should drink purified water.    
20. I saw him playing cricket.

                                                                                                          Md Lokman Hossain

                                                                                                         B.A.(Hon’s) M.A. in English (JU)